NAV

Showing posts with label PDAF. Show all posts
Showing posts with label PDAF. Show all posts

Thursday, October 27, 2016

PDAF CONSTITUTIONALITY AND LEGALITY _G.R. No. 164987 April 24, 2012 (REFERENCE)



Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Baguio
EN BANC
G.R. No. 164987               April 24, 2012

LAWYERS AGAINST MONOPOLY AND POVERTY (LAMP), represented by its Chairman and counsel, CEFERINO PADUA, Members, ALBERTO ABELEDA, JR., ELEAZAR ANGELES, GREGELY FULTON ACOSTA, VICTOR AVECILLA, GALILEO BRION, ANATALIA BUENAVENTURA, EFREN CARAG, PEDRO CASTILLO, NAPOLEON CORONADO, ROMEO ECHAUZ, ALFREDO DE GUZMAN, ROGELIO KARAGDAG, JR., MARIA LUZ ARZAGA-MENDOZA, LEO LUIS MENDOZA, ANTONIO P. PAREDES, AQUILINO PIMENTEL III, MARIO REYES, EMMANUEL SANTOS, TERESITA SANTOS, RUDEGELIO TACORDA, SECRETARY GEN. ROLANDO ARZAGA, Board of Consultants, JUSTICE ABRAHAM SARMIENTO, SEN. AQUILINO PIMENTEL, JR., and BARTOLOME FERNANDEZ, JR., Petitioners,
vs.
THE SECRETARY OF BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT, THE TREASURER OF THE PHILIPPINES, THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT, and THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE and the SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in representation of the Members of the Congress, Respondents.


"There can be no question as to the patriotism and good motive of the petitioner in filing this petition. Unfortunately, the petition must fail based on the foregoing reasons.
WHEREFORE, the petition is DISMISSED without pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED."


D E C I S I O N
MENDOZA, J.:

For consideration of the Court is an original action for certiorari assailing the constitutionality and legality of the implementation of the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) as provided for in Republic Act (R.A.) 9206 or the General Appropriations Act for 2004 (GAA of 2004). Petitioner Lawyers Against Monopoly and Poverty (LAMP), a group of lawyers who have banded together with a mission of dismantling all forms of political, economic or social monopoly in the country,1 also sought the issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction or temporary restraining order to enjoin respondent Secretary of the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) from making, and, thereafter, releasing budgetary allocations to individual members of Congress as "pork barrel" funds out of PDAF. LAMP likewise aimed to stop the National Treasurer and the Commission on Audit (COA) from enforcing the questioned provision.
On September 14, 2004, the Court required respondents, including the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, to comment on the petition. On April 7, 2005, petitioner filed a Reply thereto.2 On April 26, 2005, both parties were required to submit their respective memoranda.
The GAA of 2004 contains the following provision subject of this petition:

PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FUND
For fund requirements of priority development programs and projects, as indicated hereunder – P 8,327,000,000.00
X x x x x
Special Provision
1. Use and Release of the Fund. The amount herein appropriated shall be used to fund priority programs and projects or to fund the required counterpart for foreign-assisted programs and projects: PROVIDED, That such amount shall be released directly to the implementing agency or Local Government Unit concerned: PROVIDED, FURTHER, That the allocations authorized herein may be realigned to any expense class, if deemed necessary: PROVIDED FURTHERMORE, That a maximum of ten percent (10%) of the authorized allocations by district may be used for procurement of rice and other basic commodities which shall be purchased from the National Food Authority.
Petitioner’s Position
According to LAMP, the above provision is silent and, therefore, prohibits an automatic or direct allocation of lump sums to individual senators and congressmen for the funding of projects. It does not empower individual Members of Congress to propose, select and identify programs and projects to be funded out of PDAF. "In previous GAAs, said allocation and identification of projects were the main features of the ‘pork barrel’ system technically known as Countrywide Development Fund (CDF). Nothing of the sort is now seen in the present law (R.A. No. 9206 of CY 2004).3 In its memorandum, LAMP insists that "[t]he silence in the law of direct or even indirect participation by members of Congress betrays a deliberate intent on the part of the Executive and the Congress to scrap and do away with the ‘pork barrel’ system."4 In other words, "[t]he omission of the PDAF provision to specify sums as ‘allocations’ to individual Members of Congress is a ‘casus omissus’ signifying an omission intentionally made by Congress that this Court is forbidden to supply."5 Hence, LAMP is of the conclusion that "the pork barrel has become legally defunct under the present state of GAA 2004."6
LAMP further decries the supposed flaws in the implementation of the provision, namely: 1) the DBM illegally made and directly released budgetary allocations out of PDAF in favor of individual Members of Congress; and 2) the latter do not possess the power to propose, select and identify which projects are to be actually funded by PDAF.
For LAMP, this situation runs afoul against the principle of separation of powers because in receiving and, thereafter, spending funds for their chosen projects, the Members of Congress in effect intrude into an executive function. In other words, they cannot directly spend the funds, the appropriation for which was made by them. In their individual capacities, the Members of Congress cannot "virtually tell or dictate upon the Executive Department how to spend taxpayer’s money.7 Further, the authority to propose and select projects does not pertain to legislation. "It is, in fact, a non-legislative function devoid of constitutional sanction,"8 and, therefore, impermissible and must be considered nothing less than malfeasance. The proposal and identification of the projects do not involve the making of laws or the repeal and amendment thereof, which is the only function given to the Congress by the Constitution. Verily, the power of appropriation granted to Congress as a collegial body, "does not include the power of the Members thereof to individually propose, select and identify which projects are to be actually implemented and funded - a function which essentially and exclusively pertains to the Executive Department."9 By allowing the Members of Congress to receive direct allotment from the fund, to propose and identify projects to be funded and to perform the actual spending of the fund, the implementation of the PDAF provision becomes legally infirm and constitutionally repugnant.
Respondents’ Position
For their part, the respondents10 contend that the petition miserably lacks legal and factual grounds. Although they admit that PDAF traced its roots to CDF,11 they argue that the former should not be equated with "pork barrel," which has gained a derogatory meaning referring "to government projects affording political opportunism."12 In the petition, no proof of this was offered. It cannot be gainsaid then that the petition cannot stand on inconclusive media reports, assumptions and conjectures alone. Without probative value, media reports cited by the petitioner deserve scant consideration especially the accusation that corrupt legislators have allegedly proposed cuts or slashes from their pork barrel. Hence, the Court should decline the petitioner’s plea to take judicial notice of the supposed iniquity of PDAF because there is no concrete proof that PDAF, in the guise of "pork barrel," is a source of "dirty money" for unscrupulous lawmakers and other officials who tend to misuse their allocations. These "facts" have no attributes of sufficient notoriety or general recognition accepted by the public without qualification, to be subjected to judicial notice. This applies, a fortiori, to the claim that Members of Congress are beneficiaries of commissions (kickbacks) taken out of the PDAF allocations and releases and preferred by favored contractors representing from 20% to 50% of the approved budget for a particular project. 13 Suffice it to say, the perceptions of LAMP on the implementation of PDAF must not be based on mere speculations circulated in the news media preaching the evils of pork barrel. Failing to present even an iota of proof that the DBM Secretary has been releasing lump sums from PDAF directly or indirectly to individual Members of Congress, the petition falls short of its cause.
Likewise admitting that CDF and PDAF are "appropriations for substantially similar, if not the same, beneficial purposes," 14 the respondents invoke Philconsa v. Enriquez,15 where CDF was described as an imaginative and innovative process or mechanism of implementing priority programs/projects specified in the law. In Philconsa, the Court upheld the authority of individual Members of Congress to propose and identify priority projects because this was merely recommendatory in nature. In said case, it was also recognized that individual members of Congress far more than the President and their congressional colleagues were likely to be knowledgeable about the needs of their respective constituents and the priority to be given each project.
The Issues
The respondents urge the Court to dismiss the petition for its failure to establish factual and legal basis to support its claims, thereby lacking an essential requisite of judicial review—an actual case or controversy.
The Court’s Ruling
To the Court, the case boils down to these issues: 1) whether or not the mandatory requisites for the exercise of judicial review are met in this case; and 2) whether or not the implementation of PDAF by the Members of Congress is unconstitutional and illegal.
Like almost all powers conferred by the Constitution, the power of judicial review is subject to limitations, to wit: (1) there must be an actual case or controversy calling for the exercise of judicial power; (2) the person challenging the act must have the standing to question the validity of the subject act or issuance; otherwise stated, he must have a personal and substantial interest in the case such that he has sustained, or will sustain, direct injury as a result of its enforcement; (3) the question of constitutionality must be raised at the earliest opportunity; and (4) the issue of constitutionality must be the very lis mota of the case.16
An aspect of the "case-or-controversy" requirement is the requisite of "ripeness." In the United States, courts are centrally concerned with whether a case involves uncertain contingent future events that may not occur as anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all. Another concern is the evaluation of the twofold aspect of ripeness: first, the fitness of the issues for judicial decision; and second, the hardship to the parties entailed by withholding court consideration. In our jurisdiction, the issue of ripeness is generally treated in terms of actual injury to the plaintiff. Hence, a question is ripe for adjudication when the act being challenged has had a direct adverse effect on the individual challenging it.17
In this case, the petitioner contested the implementation of an alleged unconstitutional statute, as citizens and taxpayers. According to LAMP, the practice of direct allocation and release of funds to the Members of Congress and the authority given to them to propose and select projects is the core of the law’s flawed execution resulting in a serious constitutional transgression involving the expenditure of public funds. Undeniably, as taxpayers, LAMP would somehow be adversely affected by this. A finding of unconstitutionality would necessarily be tantamount to a misapplication of public funds which, in turn, cause injury or hardship to taxpayers. This affords "ripeness" to the present controversy.
Further, the allegations in the petition do not aim to obtain sheer legal opinion in the nature of advice concerning legislative or executive action. The possibility of constitutional violations in the implementation of PDAF surely involves the interplay of legal rights susceptible of judicial resolution. For LAMP, this is the right to recover public funds possibly misapplied by no less than the Members of Congress. Hence, without prejudice to other recourse against erring public officials, allegations of illegal expenditure of public funds reflect a concrete injury that may have been committed by other branches of government before the court intervenes. The possibility that this injury was indeed committed cannot be discounted. The petition complains of illegal disbursement of public funds derived from taxation and this is sufficient reason to say that there indeed exists a definite, concrete, real or substantial controversy before the Court.
Anent locus standi, "the rule is that the person who impugns the validity of a statute must have a personal and substantial interest in the case such that he has sustained, or will sustained, direct injury as a result of its enforcement.18 The gist of the question of standing is whether a party alleges "such a personal stake in the outcome of the controversy as to assure that concrete adverseness which sharpens the presentation of issues upon which the court so largely depends for illumination of difficult constitutional questions."19 In public suits, the plaintiff, representing the general public, asserts a "public right" in assailing an allegedly illegal official action. The plaintiff may be a person who is affected no differently from any other person, and could be suing as a "stranger," or as a "citizen" or "taxpayer."20 Thus, taxpayers have been allowed to sue where there is a claim that public funds are illegally disbursed or that public money is being deflected to any improper purpose, or that public funds are wasted through the enforcement of an invalid or unconstitutional law.21 Of greater import than the damage caused by the illegal expenditure of public funds is the mortal wound inflicted upon the fundamental law by the enforcement of an invalid statute.22
Here, the sufficient interest preventing the illegal expenditure of money raised by taxation required in taxpayers’ suits is established. Thus, in the claim that PDAF funds have been illegally disbursed and wasted through the enforcement of an invalid or unconstitutional law, LAMP should be allowed to sue. The case of Pascual v. Secretary of Public Works23 is authority in support of the petitioner:
In the determination of the degree of interest essential to give the requisite standing to attack the constitutionality of a statute, the general rule is that not only persons individually affected, but also taxpayers have sufficient interest in preventing the illegal expenditures of moneys raised by taxation and may therefore question the constitutionality of statutes requiring expenditure of public moneys. [11 Am. Jur. 761, Emphasis supplied.]
Lastly, the Court is of the view that the petition poses issues impressed with paramount public interest. The ramification of issues involving the unconstitutional spending of PDAF deserves the consideration of the Court, warranting the assumption of jurisdiction over the petition.
Now, on the substantive issue.
The powers of government are generally divided into three branches: the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary. Each branch is supreme within its own sphere being independent from one another and it is this supremacy which enables the courts to determine whether a law is constitutional or unconstitutional.24 The Judiciary is the final arbiter on the question of whether or not a branch of government or any of its officials has acted without jurisdiction or in excess of jurisdiction or so capriciously as to constitute an abuse of discretion amounting to excess of jurisdiction. This is not only a judicial power but a duty to pass judgment on matters of this nature.25
With these long-established precepts in mind, the Court now goes to the crucial question: In allowing the direct allocation and release of PDAF funds to the Members of Congress based on their own list of proposed projects, did the implementation of the PDAF provision under the GAA of 2004 violate the Constitution or the laws?
The Court rules in the negative.
In determining whether or not a statute is unconstitutional, the Court does not lose sight of the presumption of validity accorded to statutory acts of Congress. In Fariñas v. The Executive Secretary,26 the Court held that:
Every statute is presumed valid. The presumption is that the legislature intended to enact a valid, sensible and just law and one which operates no further than may be necessary to effectuate the specific purpose of the law. Every presumption should be indulged in favor of the constitutionality and the burden of proof is on the party alleging that there is a clear and unequivocal breach of the Constitution.
To justify the nullification of the law or its implementation, there must be a clear and unequivocal, not a doubtful, breach of the Constitution. In case of doubt in the sufficiency of proof establishing unconstitutionality, the Court must sustain legislation because "to invalidate [a law] based on x x x baseless supposition is an affront to the wisdom not only of the legislature that passed it but also of the executive which approved it."27 This presumption of constitutionality can be overcome only by the clearest showing that there was indeed an infraction of the Constitution, and only when such a conclusion is reached by the required majority may the Court pronounce, in the discharge of the duty it cannot escape, that the challenged act must be struck down.28
The petition is miserably wanting in this regard. LAMP would have the Court declare the unconstitutionality of the PDAF’s enforcement based on the absence of express provision in the GAA allocating PDAF funds to the Members of Congress and the latter’s encroachment on executive power in proposing and selecting projects to be funded by PDAF. Regrettably, these allegations lack substantiation. No convincing proof was presented showing that, indeed, there were direct releases of funds to the Members of Congress, who actually spend them according to their sole discretion. Not even a documentation of the disbursement of funds by the DBM in favor of the Members of Congress was presented by the petitioner to convince the Court to probe into the truth of their claims. Devoid of any pertinent evidentiary support that illegal misuse of PDAF in the form of kickbacks has become a common exercise of unscrupulous Members of Congress, the Court cannot indulge the petitioner’s request for rejection of a law which is outwardly legal and capable of lawful enforcement. In a case like this, the Court’s hands are tied in deference to the presumption of constitutionality lest the Court commits unpardonable judicial legislation. The Court is not endowed with the power of clairvoyance to divine from scanty allegations in pleadings where justice and truth lie.29 Again, newspaper or electronic reports showing the appalling effects of PDAF cannot be appreciated by the Court, "not because of any issue as to their truth, accuracy, or impartiality, but for the simple reason that facts must be established in accordance with the rules of evidence."30
Hence, absent a clear showing that an offense to the principle of separation of powers was committed, much less tolerated by both the Legislative and Executive, the Court is constrained to hold that a lawful and regular government budgeting and appropriation process ensued during the enactment and all throughout the implementation of the GAA of 2004. The process was explained in this wise, in Guingona v. Carague:31
1. Budget preparation. The first step is essentially tasked upon the Executive Branch and covers the estimation of government revenues, the determination of budgetary priorities and activities within the constraints imposed by available revenues and by borrowing limits, and the translation of desired priorities and activities into expenditure levels.
Budget preparation starts with the budget call issued by the Department of Budget and Management. Each agency is required to submit agency budget estimates in line with the requirements consistent with the general ceilings set by the Development Budget Coordinating Council (DBCC).
With regard to debt servicing, the DBCC staff, based on the macro-economic projections of interest rates (e.g. LIBOR rate) and estimated sources of domestic and foreign financing, estimates debt service levels. Upon issuance of budget call, the Bureau of Treasury computes for the interest and principal payments for the year for all direct national government borrowings and other liabilities assumed by the same.
2. Legislative authorization. –– At this stage, Congress enters the picture and deliberates or acts on the budget proposals of the President, and Congress in the exercise of its own judgment and wisdom formulatesan appropriation act precisely following the process established by the Constitution, which specifies that no money may be paid from the Treasury except in accordance with an appropriation made by law.
x x x
3. Budget Execution. Tasked on the Executive, the third phase of the budget process covers the variousoperational aspects of budgeting. The establishment of obligation authority ceilings, the evaluation of work and financial plans for individual activities, the continuing review of government fiscal position, the regulation of funds releases, the implementation of cash payment schedules, and other related activities comprise this phase of the budget cycle.
4. Budget accountability. The fourth phase refers to the evaluation of actual performance and initially approved work targets, obligations incurred, personnel hired and work accomplished are compared with the targets set at the time the agency budgets were approved.
Under the Constitution, the power of appropriation is vested in the Legislature, subject to the requirement that appropriation bills originate exclusively in the House of Representatives with the option of the Senate to propose or concur with amendments.32 While the budgetary process commences from the proposal submitted by the President to Congress, it is the latter which concludes the exercise by crafting an appropriation act it may deem beneficial to the nation, based on its own judgment, wisdom and purposes. Like any other piece of legislation, the appropriation act may then be susceptible to objection from the branch tasked to implement it, by way of a Presidential veto. Thereafter, budget execution comes under the domain of the Executive branch which deals with the operational aspects of the cycle including the allocation and release of funds earmarked for various projects. Simply put, from the regulation of fund releases, the implementation of payment schedules and up to the actual spending of the funds specified in the law, the Executive takes the wheel. "The DBM lays down the guidelines for the disbursement of the fund. The Members of Congress are then requested by the President to recommend projects and programs which may be funded from the PDAF. The list submitted by the Members of Congress is endorsed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives to the DBM, which reviews and determines whether such list of projects submitted are consistent with the guidelines and the priorities set by the Executive."33 This demonstrates the power given to the President to execute appropriation laws and therefore, to exercise the spending per se of the budget.
As applied to this case, the petition is seriously wanting in establishing that individual Members of Congress receive and thereafter spend funds out of PDAF. Although the possibility of this unscrupulous practice cannot be entirely discounted, surmises and conjectures are not sufficient bases for the Court to strike down the practice for being offensive to the Constitution. Moreover, the authority granted the Members of Congress to propose and select projects was already upheld in Philconsa. This remains as valid case law. The Court sees no need to review or reverse the standing pronouncements in the said case. So long as there is no showing of a direct participation of legislators in the actual spending of the budget, the constitutional boundaries between the Executive and the Legislative in the budgetary process remain intact.
While the Court is not unaware of the yoke caused by graft and corruption, the evils propagated by a piece of valid legislation cannot be used as a tool to overstep constitutional limits and arbitrarily annul acts of Congress. Again, "all presumptions are indulged in favor of constitutionality; one who attacks a statute, alleging unconstitutionality must prove its invalidity beyond a reasonable doubt; that a law may work hardship does not render it unconstitutional; that if any reasonable basis may be conceived which supports the statute, it will be upheld, and the challenger must negate all possible bases; that the courts are not concerned with the wisdom, justice, policy, or expediency of a statute; and that a liberal interpretation of the constitution in favor of the constitutionality of legislation should be adopted."34
There can be no question as to the patriotism and good motive of the petitioner in filing this petition. Unfortunately, the petition must fail based on the foregoing reasons.
WHEREFORE, the petition is DISMISSED without pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED.
JOSE CATRAL MENDOZA
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
RENATO C. CORONA
Chief Justice
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, JR.
Associate Justice
TERESITA J. LEONARDO-DE CASTRO
Associate Justice
ARTURO D. BRION
Associate Justice
DIOSDADO M. PERALTA
Associate Justice
LUCAS P. BERSAMIN
Associate Justice
MARIANO C. DEL CASTILLO
Associate Justice
ROBERTO A. ABAD
Associate Justice
MARTIN S. VILLARAMA, JR.
Associate Justice
JOSE PORTUGAL PEREZ
Associate Justice
MARIA LOURDES P. A. SERENO
Associate Justice
BIENVENIDO L. REYES
Associate Justice
ESTELA M. PERLAS-BERNABE
Associate Justice
C E R T I F I C A T I O N
Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution, I hereby certify that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court.
RENATO C. CORONA
Chief Justice

Footnotes
1 Rollo, p. 7.
2 Id. at 113-117.
3 Id. at 9.
4 Id. at 10.
5 Id. at 163.
6 Id. at 152.
7 Id. at 154.
8 Id.
9 Id. at 156.
10 The Office of the Solicitor General entered its appearance and filed a Comment for the Secretary of the Department of Budget and Management, Treasurer of the Philippines and Commission on Audit, while then Speaker of the House of Representatives, Jose De Venecia Jr. filed his separate Comment dated January 6, 2005.
11 Rollo, p. 66.
12 Id. at 62.
13 Id. at 149.
14 Id. at 67.
15 G.R. No. 113888, August 19, 1994, 235 SCRA 506.
16 Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, G.R. No. 169777, April 20, 2006, 488 SCRA 1, 35.
17Lozano v. Nograles, G.R. Nos. 187883, and 187910, June 16, 2009, 589 SCRA 356, 358, citing Guingona Jr. v. Court of Appeals, 354 Phil. 415, 427-428.
18 People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56, 89 (1937).
19 Navarro v. Ermita, G.R. No. 180050, April 12, 2011, 648 SCRA 400, 434.
20 David v. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. Nos. 171396, 171409, 171485, 171483, 171400, 171489 and 171424, May 3, 2006, 489 SCRA 160.
21 Public Interest Center, Inc. v. Honorable Vicente Q. Roxas, in his capacity as Presiding Judge, RTC of Quezon City, Branch 227, G.R. No. 125509, January 31, 2007, 513 SCRA 457, 470.
22 People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56, 89 (1937).
23 110 Phil. 331, 342-343 (1960).
24 Separate Opinion, Joker P. Arroyo v. HRET and Augusto l. Syjuco, Jr., 316 Phil. 464 (1995).
25 Tanada v. Angara, 338 Phil. 546, 575 (1997).
26 463 Phil. 179, 197 (2003).
27 Abakada Guro Party List v. Purisima, G.R. No. 166715August 14, 2008, 562 SCRA 251.
28Drilon v. Lim, G.R. No. 112497, August 4, 1994, 235 SCRA 135.
29 Dissenting Opinion, The Board of Election Inspectors et al. v. Edmundo S. Piccio Judge of First Instance of Leyte at Tacloban, and Cesario R. Colasito, G.R. No. L-1852, October 14, 1948/ September 30, 1948.
30 Lim v. Hon. Executive Secretary, 430 Phil. 555, 580 (2002).
31 273 Phil. 443, 460, (1991).
32 1987 Constitution, Article 6 Sections 24 and 29 (1).
33 Rollo, p. 98.
34 Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers' Union, 158 Phil. 60 (1974).


SHELL CIRCUMVENTED RA 7641

SYNDICATED ESTAFA


MY QUEST FOR SWINDLED 

RETIREMENT PAY BY SHELL



SWINDLING ITO, SYNDICATED ESTAFA


HOT PURSUIT
DUTY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ENTITIES


SHELL SWINDLING OF RETIREMENT PAY 5TH YEAR

1001counts
SEE BELOW FOR THE 1001ST   TIME THE REITERATION OF DEMAND PAYMENT OF RETIREMENT PAY WHICH SHELL REFUSED TO HONOR IN THE PRESENCE AND DEEMED APPROVAL OF THE HONORABLE MAGISTRATES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE PHILIPPINES


Dishonest scales are an abomination to the Lord, but a just weight is His delight... Proverbs Chapter 11  v. 1
Retirement Pay Law circumvented by Shell subject to penal provision provided for by Article 288 of the Labor Code of the Philippines.





CONTENTS

.ENTERTAINMENT (4) 10 CCR § 2695.5 (1) 18DEC15 (112) 1A_MEDIA (8) 2014 CHRISTMAS MESSAGE (1) 2015 Miss Universe (1) 2016 SONA (1) 2020 EXCLUSION (1) 4TH OF JULY (1) abante clipping (1) ABOLITION OF THE COURT OF APPEALS (1) ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1) ABS-CBN (5) ABS-CBN NEWS (6) ABSOLUTE PARDON (1) ABU SAYAFF GROUP (2) ABUSE OF JURISDICTION (1) ACADEMIC FREEDOM (1) ACCRA (19) ACE VEDA (2) ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF EMAIL RECEIPT (2) aclu (3) AIRPORT HACKS (1) AIRWAVES (1) AIZA SEGUERRA (1) ALAN PETER CAYETANO (4) ALBAYALDE (8) ALBERTO ROMULO (1) ALDEN AND MAINE (1) Alfred Clayton (55) ALLEGATIONS OF MISCONDUCT (4) ALTERNET (6) ALVAREZ (1) ALVIN CUDIA (2) ALYAS BIKOY (1) AMADO VALDEZ (1) ANARCHY (1) ANDRES BONIFACIO (2) ANGEL LAZARO (1) ANGELO REYES (1) ANNEX 5 (5) ANNUAL REMINDERS (1) ANTHONY TABERNA . GERRY BAJA (2) ANTI GRAFT AND CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT (2) ANTI-TERRORISM ACT OF 2020 (1) ANTONIO (26) AQUACULTURE (1) AQUASCAPING (1) ARNOLD GONZALEZ (1) Arnold Schwarzenegger (5) ARTBOARD (15) ARTEMIO PANGANIBAN (1) atty dodo dulay (3) ATTY THEODORE TE (2) ATTY. AILEEN LOURDES LIZADA (3) ATTY. QUIROZ DISBARMENT (20) AUDIO (1) AUNTIE (1) AUSTRALIA (1) AUTOMATIC REPLY (1) AUTUMN LEAVES (1) AYALA (25) BAD FAITH (12) BALANGIGA (2) BANGSA MORO TRANSITION COMMISSION (1) BAR EXAM (2) BASKETBALL (1) Batangas City (2) BATANGAS PRIDE (3) BATS (1) BAUAN (5) BAUAN CENTRAL SCHOOL (4) BAUAN HIGH (1) BAUAN NEW MARKET SITE WITH GRAND TERMINAL (2) BAYAN KO (5) BAYAN MUNA (1) BAYAN NI JUAN (1) BAYAN USA (1) BBC HARDTALK (1) BBC NEWS (4) BBM (4) BEEP CARD (1) BERNADETTE ELLORIN (1) BERNIE SANDERS (5) BETRAYAL OF PUBLIC TRUST (2) BHS (2) BILL WATTERSON (1) Biodiesel topics (4) BIR (1) Bird (no music) (1) BLACK FRIDAY PROTEST (1) BLOCKED E-MAIL (2) BOMB TRAINS (2) BONFIRE (1) BONGBONG (1) BONSAI (8) BORED PANDA (3) BOYCOTT (2) brain-eating amoeba (1) BREAKING SILENCE (2) Brian Ross (1) BRICKS ON FACES (1) BROKEN BRIDGES (1) BROOKE'S POINT (1) BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (1) BUSINESS MIRROR (1) CADEM (1) CADET CUDIA (4) CALIDA (2) CANCELLATION OF ADOBE ACCOUNTS (1) CAPITAL (1) CARMEL MOUNTAIN (1) CARPIO DISSENT (2) CASA CORNELIA (2) CASE DURATION (1) casetext (1) CAUSE ORIENTED GROUPS (3) causes (4) CBCP (1) CELESTINO VIVIERO (1) CERES (2) CERTIFICATE OF SEPARATION (2) CHEATING (30) CHESS (4) CHRISTIANITY (1) Christmas (7) Christmas Hilltop (2) CHRONIC MENTAL LAPSES (1) CISP (4) CITO BELTRAN (1) CITY ATTORNEY (8) CIVIL RIGHTS (1) CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION (3) CJ SERENO COMIAL DISPLAY OF IRONY (1) CLAIM FILE (2) CLEOPATRA (1) climate change (6) CNN PARIS TERROR ATTACK (1) COAL (3) CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS(Republic Act No. 6713) (1) COGNITIVE LAZINESS (1) COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT (1) COMEDY SKITS (4) COMELEC (2) COMMISSION APPOINTMENT (3) COMMONWEALTH ACT NO.3 (1) COMMUTE CHALLENGE (1) COMPLAINT AFFIDAVIT (1) COMPLIANCE COMMITTEE (2) ComPosPaper (29) con ed (26) CONCESSION AGREEMENT (15) CONDONATION DOCTRINE (2) CONED (68) CONFLICTING CONTRARY INFORMATION (3) CONGRESSIONAL HEARING ON ILLEGAL DRUGS (3) CONJUGAL DICTATORSHIP (1) CONNECTIONS.MIC (1) CONSTANT PARTIALITY (1) CONSTITUTION (26) CONSTITUTIONAL DOCTRINE OF CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY (8) CONSTITUTIONAL CONCEPT OF ACCOUNTABILITY (1) CONTINUING VIOLATION DOCTRINE (8) CONTINUOUS TRIAL (1) CONTRACT OF SLAVERY (2) CORDILLERA 'MANSASAKUSA' (1) CORDILLERA 'PANGAT' (1) Corona Trial (5) CORPORATIZATION (1) CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES (11) COURT OF APPEALS (1) COURT OF TAX APPEALS (1) COVID-19 (3) CRISPIN BELTRAN (1) crude oil train fire (1) CUSTOMS (3) CYANIDE-LACED-SHABU (2) CYBER LIBEL (2) DAGIT AT SALUBONG (1) daily digg (27) Daily Kos (3) DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE (24) DALAI LAMA (1) DALAWANG BUAYA (1) DAMS AND EARTQUAKES (1) DANGAN (1) DARNA (1) DAVAO NIGHT MARKET (3) DAVIDE (1) DAVIES LAW GROUP (1) DEATH PENALTY (2) DEED OF SLAVERY (2) DEED OF SLAVERY (1) DELFIN LEE (1) DELIMA (14) DELIMA VS. GUERRERO ORAL ARGUMENTS (1) DEMAND PAYMENT (2) DEMENTIA (1) DENA EAKLES (1) DENMARK (1) DENNIS CAPILI (1) DENNIS DATU (1) DENR (12) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (1) DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE (1) DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (18) DERICK INN (1) DERYK INN (28) DESMOGBLOG.COM (2) DIRECTIVES (1) DISBARMENT (11) DISBARMENT PRIMER (1) discrimination (1) DISHONESTY (1) DJ RICHARD ENRIQUEZ (3) DJRICHARD (1) DOBLADA CASE (1) DOCTRINE OF CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY (37) DOCTRINE OF FINALITY OF JUDGMENT (2) DOCTRINE OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY (2) DOG(MASCOT) (1) DOLE (1) dolphines (1) DON MOORE (1) DONALD TRUMP (15) DOS POR DOS (3) DOUBTFUL (2) Dr David Alameel (1) DR. JUAN ESCANDOR (1) Dr. Love...Tribute to Andy Williams (4) DRA.LULU (1) DRILON (2) DRONE SURFING (1) DRUG MATRIX (1) DUAL DYNAMICS OF CORRUPTION (1) DUBAI (1) DUCKS (1) DUE PROCESS (1) DUTERTE (89) DUTERTE COVID 19 (3) duterte impeachment (1) DUTERTE NEWS (4) DUTERTE SONA 2018 (1) DUTERTE SUPREME COURT APPOINTEES (1) DUTY TO INVESTIGATE (1) DYING LAWFUL DISCRETION (2) DZMM (13) DZMM SOUND BITES (2) EARTHQUAKE (3) EAT BULAGA (2) ECONOMIC SABOTAGE (2) EDD (1) EDDIE ATCHLEY (5) EDDIE GARCIA (4) EDGAR JOPSON (1) EDSA 1 (1) EDSA 4 (1) EFREN (25) EL SHADDAI (4) ELECTION (1) ELECTORAL COLLEGE (1) electric car (3) END OF THE AMERICAN DREAM (1) ENDO (2) ENERGY IN CAN (1) ENRILE (6) ENTREPRENEUR (1) ENTRY OF JUDGMENT (1) ENVIRONMENT (7) ERAP (1) ERWIN TULFO (1) ESPINOSA KILLING (1) ESPOSO (1) ESTAFA OR SWINDLING (1) ESTATE TAX (3) ESTELITO MENDOZA (2) EUGENE V. DEBS (1) EXCAVATION DEPTH (1) EXCAVATION FOR A FEE (1) EXHAUSTION OF THE SSS ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES (2) EXPLOSION (6) EXPOSE THE TPP (1) F-35 (1) FAILON (1) FAIR CLAIMS SETTLEMENT PRACTICES REGULATION (1) FAKE AMBUSH (1) FAMILY AND FRIENDS (1) FASAP VS. PAL (2) fascinating (1) FATIMA (1) FERNANDO POE JR. (1) FILIPIKNOW (4) FILIPINO SUBJECT (1) FILMS FOR ACTION (2) FIREWORKS (1) FIRST DRAFT (1) FIX THE COURT (3) flaring (4) flash (1) FOIA APPEAL (11) foia executive order by duterte (1) For Hon CJ Sereno (57) FORTUNE TOBACCO CORPORATION (1) fossil fuel (13) Fr. JERRY ORBOS (1) FR. JOAQUIN BERNAS (1) FR..ZACARIAS AGATEP (1) fracking (2) FRANCIS TOLENTINO (1) FREDDIE AGUILAR (1) Frederick Douglass (1) FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION REFERENCES (1) FREEDOM OF SPEECH (1) Friends from Tabangao (7) Frito_Lay (1) G-SPOT (1) GANDHI (1) GarageBand (1) GATES OPEN OR CLOSE (1) GB (3) GCTA (6) GEN. BATO (1) GENERAL BATO (1) GEORGE ORWELL (1) GEORGE SOROS (1) GERALD BANTAG (2) German artist (1) GERRY BAJA (1) GETTYSBURG ADDRESS REFERENCE (1) GEUS (1) GEUS REITERATION OF DEMAND PAYMENT (29) GIANT HULKBUSTER (1) GIANT SKELETONS (1) gifs (1) GILSON ACEVEDA (4) GINA LOPEZ (22) GIVE THANKS (1) GIZMODO (1) GLORIA (7) GMA News Online (1) gmo (3) GMO FREE USA (2) golan (1) Golden Gate views (7) GOP (3) GORDON (5) GOTCHA (1) GOUT (1) GRACE (1) GRACE POE (4) GRAND CONSPIRACY (2) GREAT ESCAPE (1) GREED (1) GREENPEACE (30) GREENPEACE VIDEOS (3) GRETCHEN HO (1) GRIT (1) GUENIOT EMAIL ADDRESS (1) GUIDE Back up (1) GUN VIOLENCE (1) HABITUAL CHEATING (5) HALAMANG GAMOT (6) HAPKIDO (1) Harriet Heywood (2) Harry Roque (25) Hatol (1) HEARSAY (3) HEFTY (1) HERITAGE LAW (1) HEROISM (3) HEYWOOD (1) HIAS (1) HILING NA PANG-UNAWA AT PANALANGIN (1) HITLER (1) HOME SOLAR (1) HONDA_COOPER (2) HOOVERBOARD (1) HORSE KICK (2) HOT PURSUIT (2) HOTLINE 8888 (6) HOTLINE 8888 _NOTICE ON BLOGS (1) HOUSE SOLAR PANELS (1) HUFF_POST BUSINESSS (1) HUFF_POST POLITICS (5) HUKUM BITAY (2) HUKUman (1) HUMAN RIGHTS (3) HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN (2) HUMAN RIGHTS ON LINE PHILIPPINES (3) HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH (7) humor (5) i am sorry (1) IA_MEDIA (19) IBP (2) IJREVIEW (2) ILLEGAL DRUGS (38) ILLUSTRATION BOARD (1) ILRF (3) IMAGES (3) IMAGES COLLECTION FROM FACEBOOK (16) IMELDA (1) Immigration reform (1) IMMUNITY FROM SUIT (1) impeachment (4) IMPEACHMENTDUE TO DELAY OF DISPOSITION OF CASES (1) IMPULSION (1) IN THESE TIMES (3) INAPPROPRIATE RESPONSE (117) INAUGURAL DUTERTE (2) Inay...Home (3) INC (2) INCRIMINATING SENTENCES (1) INDEPENDENCE DAY (1) InDesign (5) INDISCRETION OF A DYING MAN (3) INDOLENCE (1) INFOWARS (1) INJUSTICE (1) INORDINATE DELAY (1) INQUIRER (13) INQUIRY (66) INSPIRING (59) INSURANCE COMMISSIONER (1) INTELLIGENCE.COM (1) INTERAKSYON (1) International Labor Rights Forum (1) INTERNET FREEDOM (1) IOWA CITIZENS FOR COMMUNITY IMPROVEMENT (1) IOWA CITY (1) ISLAM (1) ITALY (1) IUF (10) JACK LAM (3) JAIME (38) JAMES BWEIN (1) JANELLA SALVADOR (1) JANET LIM NAPOLES (1) JARIUS BONDOC (5) Jawaid Ali (2) JBC INTERVIEW. (6) JBC SHORTLIST (1) Jecjec's First birthday (9) Jecjec's first part (9) Jecjec's second part (9) Jecjec's third part (9) Jeffrey Pfeffer (1) JEFFREY WONG (1) Jehaziel Alburo (1) JENNIFER CHASE (4) JERICHO MARCH (1) JESUS (1) JILL STEIN (2) JIM THE EVANGELICAL PASTOR (2) JIMENO (1) JOEL CANO (8) JOEL CASTRO (12) JOEVER (1) John Donovan (1592) JOHN F. KENNEDY (1) JOHN LUNA (2) John MacMurray (1) JOHNY MAGBOO (1) JON STEWART (1) JOSE ABAD SANTOS (1) Jose Mujica (1) Jose Victoria (5) JOSEPH ESTRADA (1) JSTREET (1) JUDGE DISCIPLINE (1) JUDGE DISMISSAL (2) JUDGE FLORO (6) JUDGE MURO (3) JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL (1) JULIET ALMONTERO ZAIDE (1) Jun Banaag (5) JUN ESPINA (1) JUNE 12 (1) JUSTICE ARTURO BRION (1) JUSTICE B. L. REYES (1) JUSTICE BERSAMIN (32) JUSTICE BRION (2) JUSTICE CARPIO (4) JUSTICE DEL CASTILLO (1) JUSTICE FELLOWSHIP (2) JUSTICE IMAGES (1) JUSTICE LEONEN (8) JUSTICE MARTIRES (20) JUSTICE MARVIN LEONEN (1) JUSTICE PEREZ (1) JUSTICE RUTH BADER GINSBURG (1) JUSTICE VELASCO (1) JUSTICES AS CLOWNS (1) JUSTICES VOTING PREFERENCE ON CORRUPTION (1) JUSTIN TRUDEAU (2) JUVIE PELOS UWAHIG (1) KA LOUIE TABING (2) KA PEPE (1) KAFAGUAY (1) KALIWA DAM PROJECT (2) KAMALA HARRIS (2) KAMPANA O MARTIAL LAW (1) KAREN DAVILA (2) KASPAROV (1) KEROSENE IN THE PHILIPPINES (1) KEYSTONE (1) KEYSTONE progress (1) KEYSTONE XL PIPELINE (5) KICK BIG POLLUTERS OUT (1) KIDNAP FOR RANSOM (1) KOBE BRYANT (1) KOCH BROTHERS (7) KOREAN LANGUAGE (1) KUYA MIKE (1) KUYA'S PRACTICE PROJECT (1) LA LONTOC DECISION (6) LA PROGRESSIVE (261) LABOR (2) LABOR DAY (1) LABOR UNIONS (19) LabourStart (2) LAGMAN VS. MEDIALDEA (1) LAGUNA DE BAY (1) LAPITAN (16) LAPU-LAPU (1) LARRY WINES (1) LATINOS PRO BERNIE SANDERS (1) LAUGHTER (1) LAW (4) LAW PREVAILS OVER IR/AGREEMENT (2) lawsuit vs. shell (2) Layusa (1) LEAGUE OF CITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES (2) LEAGUE OF CITIES OF THE PHILIPPINES (LCP) VS. COMELEC (1) LED ZEPPELIN (1) LENNY ROBREDO (7) LEON LEYNES (1) LEONARDO RAMOS (3) LETTER COMPLAINT (1) LETTY JIMENEZ-MAGSANOC (1) Leyte1897 (1) LIA SAFANOVA (1) LILIOSA HILAO (1) LIP SERVICE (1) LIST OF INFORMATION (4) lito (1) LITTLE THINGS.COM (2) LIU (9) LIVE VIDEO FOOTAGES (1) LIWAYWAY VINSONS-CHATO (1) LIZA MAZA (1) LIZA SOBERANO (1) LOBO MINING (2) Loise Slaughter (1) LOST CM ENVELOPS (3) LOURDES (2) MABILIN (1) MABINI (1) MAGALONG (2) MAGIC KINGDOM (2) MAGIIC (1) MAGUINDANAO MASSACRE (2) MAHAL NA ARAW (1) MAHAWI MAN ANG ULAP (2) MAINE MENDOZA (1) MAMMOGRAMS (1) MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVE (2) MANDAMUS (2) mandela (1) MANEJA (1) MANILA BAY (1) MANILA BAY CLEAN UP (4) MANILA BAY DREDGING (4) MANILA BAY RECLAMATION (14) Manila street view (1) MANILA TIMES (4) MANILA WATER (24) Manny Pacman Pacquiao Para sa yo ang laban nato (1) MARCOLETA LOPEZ (2) MARCOS (84) MARCOS BURIAL ORAL ARGUMENTS (6) Maren's baby shower video (10) Maren's bs p.1 (8) Maren's bs p.2 (7) MARIAN RIVERA-DANTES (1) MARIJUANA (1) MARIO SIBUCAO (4) Mark 12:28-34 (1) MARTIAL LAW (5) MARTIAL LAW ORAL ARGUMENTS (1) MARTIAL LAW IN MINDANAO (1) MARTIAL LAW IN MINDANAO ORAL ARGUMENTS (3) MARY JANE VELOSO (1) MARYJANE VELOSO (1) Maya Angelou (1) MAYNILAD (24) MAYOR SANCHEZ (2) MELANIE JONES (1) MERCENARY (1) MICHAEL BRUNE (1) MIDAS MARQUEZ (2) MIKE ENRIQUEZ (1) MILAN. ITALY (1) Mimi Moore (12) MINDANAO MARTIAL LAW (2) MINING (9) MIRA MESA NEIGHBORHOOD (2) Miranda Cosgrove (1) MISPLACED PRORITIES (1) Miss Philippines Pia Alonzo Wurtzbach (2) MISS UNIVERSE2017 (1) MMDA CHAIRMAN RESIGN (2) MMK (1) MNN WEEKLY (45) MONEY (1) MONEY LAUNDERING (2) MONEYTALK (1) MONSANTO (1) Mosses (49) MOST COMMONLY MISUSED ENGLISH WORDS (1) MOTHER JONES (31) MOTHER NATURE NETWORK (2) MOTHER TERESA (1) Motion for Recon with links (1) motion for reconsideration (5) Mount Vesuvius (1) MoveOn (7) MOVEON.ORG (15) MOYERS & COMPANY (1) MR(NEW) (1) MRFF (1) MRT (1) MTRCB (1) MULTIPLE TRANSGRESSION (1) MUSIC ALBUM ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS (1) MUTUAL BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP (4) MWSS (1) MY BIRTHDAY CAKE (1) NADINE LUSTRE (1) NALUNDASAN (1) NASA'S JUNO SPACECRAFT (1) NATION (112) NATION OF CHANGE (32) NATIONAL HEROES DAY (1) NATIONAL PARKS (3) NATIONof CHANGE (3) NAZRENO (1) NBC NEWS (1) NBI (1) NCLR (1) NEIL YOUNG (1) NERI COLMINARES (1) NESTOR (1) NET NEUTRALITY (7) NEW FUEL SYSTEM (1) NEW YORK TIMES (6) NEW YORKER (1) NEW ZEALAND (1) NEWS (192) NEWS MIC (1) NEWS+STORIES (1) NEWSLETTERS (1) NEWSWEEK (1) NICOLAS FERNANDO (5) NIGER DELTA (2) NINJA COPS (3) NLRC DECISION (1) NLRC RESOLUTION (1) NO EMAIL SENT (1) NOAH'S ARK (1) NOEL TIJAM (1) NOLI S. ATIENZA (2) NONOY ZUNIGA (1) NORTH KOREA (1) NOT VERIFIED DISBARMENT COMPLAINT (1) NOT1MORE (1) NOTICE ON CHANGE OF EMAIL ADDRESS (1) NRDC (4) NUCLEAR AGE PEACE FOUNDATION (1) NUGGETS (1) NURSES FOR CHANGE (1) NUTRITION ACTION (1) NWF (1) obama (3) Obama Victory Speech (1) OBJECTION ON MATTER SENDING NOTICE (27) OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE (1) OCCUPY DEMOCRATS.COM (3) OCCUPY.COM (1) OCEAN CONSERVANCY (5) OCEAN RIVER INSTITUTE (4) OCEANA (1) OFFSHORE WIND FARMS (1) OIL CHANGE INTERNATIONAL (5) OIL DEREGULATION (1) OILANDGASPEOPLE (1) oiled hand (1) OLD DOG TRICK (1) OLIGARCHY (2) Oliveros (1) OMBUDSMAN (2) OMBUDSMAN MORALES (1) on Kabayan (1) ONE MILLION PAGEVIEWS (1) ONE YEAR SUIT (1) OneForPacman (1) ONSEHAN (1) OPEN MEDIA (1) ORAL ARGUMENTS (2) ORDER-OMBUSMAN (1) ORGANIC BYTES (6) other98 (4) OUR CITY (1) OVER IM VIEWS (10) OVERTURN THE SUPREME COURT (1) pachelbel's Canon in D (1) Packet (13) PACQUIAO (2) PADRE PIO (2) PALACE JOKES (1) PALEA (5) palm oil docu (1) PALSA (1) PANDORA'S BOX (2) PANELO (9) PANGILINAN (25) PAO CHIEF ACOSTA (2) papaya (1) parabolc solar collectors (1) PARTIDO NG MANGGAGAWA (5) PARTY TO TITOUAH'S CRIMES (3) PATENT (18) PATHOLOGICAL LIAR (1) PATRIOT DIRECT (1) Pau Gasol (1) PAUL GEORGE (1) PAUL WATSON (5) PAULINE MARIE (1) PCIJ (1) PDAF (1) PENAL CODE 31 (1) PENAL CODE 368 (1) PEOPLE DEMANDING ACTION (2) people power (4) PERJURY (1) PERSUASIVE APPEALS/REMINDERS (917) peru (1) PETA (8) PHILIPPINE AIRLINES (4) PHILIPPINE JUSTICE SYSTEM (2) PHILSTAR HEADLINES (1) PHILSTAR OPINION (2) PHONY PHONICS (1) PHOTO MEDIA SHEET (1) photo petition (1) photoshop (7) PICTURES (1) PINAS TRENDING (1) PINOY TRENDING NEWS (1) PIO CHIEF THEODORE TE (2) PITTSBURG POST GAZZETTE (1) PIZARRO (26) PLANNED OPERATION (1) PLANNED PARENTHOOD (7) PLASTIC TO FUEL (1) plunder (1) PMA (1) PMA HONOR CODE REIGN SUPREME OVER THE CONSTITUTION (22) PNOY (2) POE (1) POGO BLOG (17) POLARIS (2) POLICY BOOKLET (8) POLICY DEFENSE (5) POLICY MIC (9) POLITICO (7) POLITICO MAGAZINE (1) POLITICUS_USA (154) POLITIKO (6) POLY DE CASTRO (1) POPE FRANCIS (22) POPULATION CONNECTION (1) POPULATION EXPLOSION (1) PORK BARREL (1) POSITION UNCHANGED (1) POSTAL BANKING (1) POTASSIUM CYANIDE (2) POWER IN CANS (1) POWER OF POSITIVITY (1) POWER OF WIND (4) PRAY FOR THE WORLD (1) PRAYER VS. DEATH PENALTY (1) Prelude (1) Premiere Pro (3) premierepro (2) PREPONDERANCE (1) PRESUMPTION OF REGULARITY (1) PRINCIPAL AGENT RELATION (1) PRIVATE EQUITY (1) PRO CORRUPTION CONDONATION DOCTRINE (1) PRO LABOR ALLIANCE INC (2) PROCLAMATION NO. 1959 (1) PROCLAMATION NO. 216 (1) PROVOCATIVE ART (1) ps (7) PSR (1) PUBLIC CITIZEN (3) PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES DUTIES (1) PUBLIC SERVICE (1) PUNZI PUNZALAN (12) QUERIES (29) QUESTIONS FOR MR. LIU (43) QUESTIONS FOR MR. LIU SUMMARY (1) QUIROZ MISLED THE COURT (6) QUIT COAL (6) QUO WARRANTO PETITION (10) RA 10066 (1) RA 1161 (1) RA 3019 (3) RA 7641 CIRCUMVENTED BY SHELL (11) RA-8282 (1) RACISM (1) RADYO INQUIRER (1) RATTLED PLUMBER (1) RAW STORY (1) READER SAN DIEGO COVER DESIGNING (2) READING EAGLE (1) REASONS FOR DENIAL (2) RED-HERRING (1) REEVES AND ASSOCIATE (1) REFERENCE (1) REFERENCES (77) reggie watts (1) REITERATION SERIES (15) REJECT RPT20 MOVEMENT (5) REJOINDER (26) RELIGIOUS FREEDOM CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS (1) REMINDER SERIES (15) REMORSE AND EMPATHY (1) RENAISSANCE OF THE COURT (1) RENEWABLE ENERGY (23) REP. ALAN GRAYSON (17) REPLY (13) REPRESENT US (2) REPUBLICANS (1) RETROSPECTION (9) REVEAL (1) REWRITING DENIAL LETTERS (1) RHONDA KESTEN (1) RICHARD ENRIQUEZ (1) Rick Kissell (1) RICO BERSAMIN (3) RICO J. PUNO (1) RIGGED RANKING (1) RIGHT TO WORK (2) RING OF FIRE (4) RITCHE CORONEL (1) RIZAL (2) RIZAL BURIAL WISHES (1) RIZAL TRIAL AND EXECUTION (1) ROBERT KENNEDY (1) Robert Naiman (1) ROBERT PLANT (1) ROBERT REICH (102) robin williams (1) robredo (1) RODOLFO ARIZALA (1) Roel Manlangit on Rated Korina (2) ROLANDO TOLENTINO (1) ROMY DELA CRUZ (1) RON DRUYAN (1) ROOSTER NEW YEAR (1) RootsAction (5) RUGBY (1) RUN FOR THE SEALS (1) SA BREAKING NEWS (1) SA KABUKIRAN (1) safety (4) SALN (28) SALON (3) Salvador Escodero III (1) same sex marriage (1) SAMUEL MARTIRES (3) SAN DIEGO FREE PRESS (79) SAN DIEGO FBI (3) San Francisco (13) SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS (1) San Ramon travel (4) SANDY HOOK (1) SANOFI (1) SARA DUTERTE (1) satire (2) SATUR OCAMPO (1) SAVE THE ARCTIC (5) save the internet (5) SAVING CAPITALISM (2) SCAM (1) SCHOLARSHIP ESSAY (1) science (1) SCOTT PETERS (1) SCP JUSTICES SALN REPORT (2) SCRIBD (1) SEA SHEPHERD (2) SEAL CONSERVANCY OF SAN DIEGO (1) Section 2695.5 (e) (2) (4) SECTION 2695.5(b) (1) SEIU (1) SELF AGGRANDIZEMENT (1) SELF-DEFENSE (1) Sen Santiago (2) SEN. BERNIE SANDERS (363) SENATE (4) SenChiz (12) SenChiz videos (3) separation pay (1) separation pay/retirement pay (1) SEPTEMBER MORN (1) SERENO (23) SERENO _PETITION DOCUMENT 1 A.C.NO. 10084 (12) SERENO DISSENT (3) SERENO_stopworking in silos (1) SERENO_TWEETER ACCOUNT (2) SERVICE OFFER (5) SET OF FOLLOW UP-EMAILS DATED MARCH 15 (5) SETTLEMENT AMOUNT (21) SEX (7) SHABU (19) SHADOW OF DOUBT (1) SHAM AWARDS (1) SHAME (1) SHAMELESS BISHOPS (1) SHEL (1) SHELL (50) SHELL 100TH YEAR (1) SHELL GENERAL BUSINESS PRINCIPLES (1) SHELL HIRING (1) SHELL IPO (2) SHELL IS ABOVE THE LAW (53) SHELL rejoinder (1) SHELL SCAM (5) SHELL SMUGGLING (7) SHELL SWINDLING (1) SHELL VS. BOC (1) ShellPosPaper (22) SHERWIN LUMANGLAS (1) SHOOTING IN OREGON (1) short story (3) Sie and Mia (2) Sierra Club (25) SIERRA RISE (1) SINKHOLE (1) SKETCHES (1) SLEEP MUSIC RELAX (1) SMART CARS BODY KITS (1) SMILE TRAIN (2) SNAKES (1) SOCIAL INJUSTICE (1) SOCIAL JUSTICE (1) SOCIAL SECURITY (1) SOCIAL SECURITY WORKS (9) SOCRATES VILLEGAS (1) SOFT SPOT (1) SOLAR (18) SOLAR BOTTLE STREET LAMPS (1) SOLAR ENERGY (2) SOLAR PANELS (1) SOLAR POWER (2) solar roadways (2) SOLO WHEEL (1) SONA (3) SONA NI PNOY (4) SONG (1) SOP FOR ARTBOARD (1) sopa (1) SOUND (2) SOWING CONFUSION (14) SPECIFIC DOCUMENT (3) SPINELESS ALIBI (1) SPIRIT (1) spiritual (1) SSS (13) STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN (2) STALLONE (1) STAND UP TO ALEC (1) Standing Rock Sioux Tribe v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1) STATE FARM DENIAL LETTERS (11) STATE FARM FILE UPLOAD REQUEST (4) storm surge (1) StumbleUpon (28) STYROFOAM-EATING WORMS (1) SumOfUs (7) SUNCARGO (1) SUNDAY TV MASS (1) SUNTIMES (1) SUPERMOON (3) SuperPAC (1) SUPREME COURT (7) SUPREME COURT AC 10084 (3) SUPREME COURT DECISIONS (1) SUPREME COURT E-MAIL ADDRESS INQUIRY (52) Susan Graves (1) SWEAR (2) SWINDLING CRIMINAL COMPLAINT (1) SY-JOSE MEDINA (57) SYNDICATED ESTAFA (6) TAAL VOLCANO (4) TAGA BAUAN (1) TAKE MEASUREMENTS (1) TAKEPART (4) TANIM-BALA (1) TASREA VS. SHELL (2) TAURUS (1) TAX FAIRNESS (2) TAX HAVENS (1) TAXATION (2) TAXING CARBON (1) Team Brad (1) TEAM USA (1) TEASER COMPILATION (15) TEASERS 17OCT18 TO 31JAN19 (1) TECHNICALITIES (1) TECHNOLOGY (18) TED FAILON (2) TERESITA (10) TESLA (2) TESLA CHANNEL (1) tessie (1) THANKSGIVING (1) THE ACTION NETWORK (1) The Atlantic (1) THE HILL (4) THE HUMAN SOCIETY (1) THE HUMANE SOCIETY (1) The Institute for Inclusive Security (2) THE MAHARLIKAN (1) THE NATURE CONSERVANCY (5) the ONION (2) THE SCREWERS (1) THE STAMPEDE (1) the stranger (1) THE SUNFLOWER (2) THE TRUST for PUBLIC LAND (1) the VOICE (1) THE WASHINGTON POST (1) THIEFDOM (1) THINK PROGRESS (146) THIRD YEAR CLASS (2) THOMAS PAINE (1) TIA NENA (1) tia nene (5) Tia Nene ...MMK Drama (2) Tia Nene...MMK Drama (1) Tia Nene..MMK Drama (1) TIFFANI WYATT (4) TIGLAO (1) TIM BAYLEN (1) TIME LAPSE (2) TING GOL TOK (1) TOADS (1) TOM HOWARD (2) TOM STEYER (1) tonton (3) TOP 1% (1) TOP GEAR PHILIPPINES (1) TORRE DE MANILA (1) TOURISM (41) TPO (27) TPO EXAM STUDY GUIDE (1) TPP (51) TQ Solis (1) TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (1) TRANSCANADA PIPELINE EXPLOSION (1) TRASLACION 2018 (1) TRIBULATION NOW (1) TRICYCLE (1) TRO (1) TRUTH (1) TTA (1) TTP (2) TUGON (1) TURKEYS (1) TYRANNY (1) U.N. (1) Ua trestel (1) UltraViolet Action (2) UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS (7) UNIQUE FACTS (1) UNIVERSAL BASIC INCOME (1) UP COLLEGE OF LAW (1) UPDATE REQUEST (1) UPWORTHY (168) URBAN MIGRATION (1) URGENDA (1) US (1) US POLITICS (2) USEFUL TIPS (1) USnews (1) vagina (1) VALVE NOT FULLY OPENED (1) VANDALISM (6) VANDANA SHIVA (1) VATICAN INSIDER (1) Veit Stumpenhausen (1) VELASCO PONENCIA (1) VERBAL STATEMENTS (3) VETERANS DAY (1) VICE GANDA (1) Vidal (1) VIDEOS 1M+ PAGEVIEWS (73) VILLAFUERTE (1) Visit to Tito Nestor (1) Vitangcol (1) VITUG (1) VOICES FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT (1) volcano eruption (2) VOX (3) VP BINAY (2) VPletter (2) wall street (3) WAR ON DRUGS (2) WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY (1) WATCHDOG.NET (4) WATER DAMAGES (2) WATER FOR PEOPLE (1) WATER PURIFIER (2) weighing scale (1) WEST PHILIPPINE SEA (1) WHALE SLAUGHTER (1) WHO IS (2) WHO IS IN CHARGE OVER YOU (1) WIKIPEDIA (1) WILDERNESS WATCH (1) WILFUL IGNORANCE (1) WIND (6) Wind generators (1) WORLD MIC (1) world war II (1) WORLDNEWSDAILYREPORT (1) WRIT OF HABEAS DATA (1) WWTP (339) YAHOO NEWS (1) YNARES-SANTIAGO (1) YOLY ORDONEZ ALCARAZ (4) YU (1) ZAMORA (1) ZFAMOSSES (5) ZMOSSES (431)
; ;