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Showing posts with label RENEWABLE ENERGY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label RENEWABLE ENERGY. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 10, 2015

California's first offshore wind farm proposed near Hearst Castle

California's first offshore wind farm proposed near Hearst Castle


POSTED:   11/09/2015 05:06:06 AM PST
|
 UPDATED:   A DAY AGO


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** FILE** A speedboat passes by offshore windmills in the North Sea near the village of Blavandshuk near Esbjerg, Denmark, in this Oct. 30, 2002, file
** FILE** A speedboat passes by offshore windmills in the North Sea near the village of Blavandshuk near Esbjerg, Denmark, in this Oct. 30, 2002, file photo. (Heribert Proeppe/AP)

MORRO BAY -- This sleepy coastal town of 10,000 people along California's Central Coast is known for its fishing fleet, nearby Hearst Castle and Morro Rock, a craggy 581-foot-tall monolith that dominates the views to the ocean.
But a few years from now, Morro Bay may be known for something else: a huge offshore wind farm.
In a venture that could pit the state's commitment to green energy against its famed coastal environmental movement, a Seattle company is proposing to build the first ocean wind farm off California's coast.
Trident Winds has filed early paperwork with Morro Bay city officials for a plan to install 100 floating turbines -- each up to 636 feet tall -- about 15 miles off the San Luis Obispo County shoreline. The project would generate 1,000 megawatts of electricity, enough to power 300,000 homes.
"It's not oil. It's not fossil fuel. It doesn't spill," said Alla Weinstein, CEO of Trident Winds. "It's energy from the jet stream, as pure as it comes."
California is already a national leader in wind energy on land, drawing 8 percent of its electricity from wind turbines. The state now has 1,883 wind turbines, mostly in the Tehachapi Pass area in Kern County, at Altamont Pass in Alameda County, San Gorgonio Pass in Riverside County, and in Solano County. Texas is the only state that generates more electricity from wind.
Weinstein, a native of Russia and a former Honeywell engineer, said California will increasingly need to look to the ocean, with its vast spaces where wind speeds are stronger than on land, to meet its ambitious climate change and clean-energy goals.

Last month, Gov. Jerry Brown signed a law requiring the state's utilities to provide 50 percent of their electricity from solar, wind and other renewable sources by 2030 -- a key piece of the state's strategy to reduce greenhouse gases and smog. Currently, California generates about 20 percent of its electricity from renewable sources, double where it was a decade ago.
To reach the landmark 50 percent goal, the state will need dozens of massive new solar arrays, wind farms and other projects.
Weinstein harbors no illusions that building huge metal towers in the ocean south of Big Sur will be easy. It will take at least six or seven years to secure permits from the federal government, the Coastal Commission and other agencies, she said. And the politics are likely to be passionate.
Some environmentalists are taking a wait-and-see attitude.
"California just set a very high goal for renewable energy, so we are going to have to see projects like this," said Andrew Christie, director of the Sierra Club's Santa Lucia chapter. "But whenever we do, just like with real estate, it will always be about location, location, location."
Christie said he will be watching closely.
The Morro Bay Power Plant, photographed in Morro Bay, Calif., on Monday, Nov. 2, 2015, closed down in 2014. In a test that could pit California’s
The Morro Bay Power Plant, photographed in Morro Bay, Calif., on Monday, Nov. 2, 2015, closed down in 2014. In a test that could pit California's commitment to green energy against its slow-growth coastal politics, a company is proposing to build the first ocean wind farm off California's coastline. Trident Winds has filed early paperwork with the city of Morro Bay for a plan to install 100 floating turbines -- each up to 636 feet tall -- about 15 miles offshore. The project would take the hulking Morro Bay Power Plant, which closed last year, and route electricity through large cables from the wind turbines into the plant, and up on the power grid. (Patrick Tehan)
"All we know right now is that it is really big, and it is going to float," he said. "It won't be ramming concrete pylons into the ocean floor, which is good. We're concerned about migrating whales, night lighting and birds in general. Are the blades going to be slow enough to prevent them from becoming bird fricassee?"
Other environmentalists -- whose very identities were shaped from decades of battling the oil industry over offshore drilling proposals -- are already girding for a fight.
"It sounds really, really horrible. This is a fairly massive project," said Susan Jordan, director of the California Coastal Protection Network in Santa Barbara. "California places a great deal of value on the Pacific coastline and what it looks like when you travel there. People don't want to look out and see a floating industrial facility."
 Alla Weinstein, founder of Trident Winds, talks about her company’s plans in Morro Bay, Calif., Monday, Nov. 2, 2015. In a test that could pit
Alla Weinstein, founder of Trident Winds, talks about her company's plans in Morro Bay, Calif., Monday, Nov. 2, 2015. In a test that could pit California's commitment to green energy against its slow-growth coastal politics, a company is proposing to build the first ocean wind farm off California's coastline. Trident Winds has filed early paperwork with the city of Morro Bay for a plan to install 100 floating turbines -- each up to 636 feet tall -- about 15 miles offshore. (Patrick Tehan/Bay Area News Group)
Fishermen also are wary.
"They want an area where a lot of guys fish," said Tom Hafer, president of the Morro Bay Commercial Fishermen's Organization. "We're willing to work with her on it, but we have some problems with it. We have a lot of areas already taken away. I don't know how much more we can lose. We're worried."
Weinstein already has begun meeting with fishermen, university officials at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo and local political leaders. Her company plans a public forum in December.
In her meetings, she explains how the turbines float. One way is to mount them on triangular bases that can be chained to anchors dug into the ocean floor.
Weinstein is the former CEO of Principle Power, a Berkeley-based company that developed that floating technology and built a prototype turbine off Portugal in 2011. It continues to produce electricity and has survived 45-foot stormy seas.
Floating wind technology is still new. There are three floating turbines off the coast of Japan and one off Norway. But in a major breakthrough last week, Statoil, a Norwegian oil and gas company, won approval from the Scottish government to build a $236 million floating wind farm 15 miles off Peterhead in northeastern Scotland. It will have five large turbines, each 584 feet high, that are expected to begin producing electricity in 2017 for 20,000 homes.
One common question Morro Bay residents have asked: Just how big will it look?
Because of the distance and the curvature of the Earth, the farther offshore wind farms are, the smaller they appear.
"It all depends where you are," Weinstein said. "From the beach, you won't see it. If you are up in the hills at Hearst Castle, you'll see it."
The 100 turbines would be spaced about half a mile apart, covering 40,000 acres of ocean and linked together with underwater power cables. The electricity would be shipped through one power line buried in the ocean floor back to the Morro Bay Power Plant, a former PG&E facility that was shuttered in 2013 but is still connected to existing transmission lines.
Most offshore wind turbines around the world are fixed to the ocean bottom, usually with foundations held down by steel pilings to withstand huge waves and gale-force winds. Floating turbines are easier to install and less intrusive, supporters say.
In many ways, California is a world leader in clean energy. But when it comes to offshore wind production, the state and the U.S. in general are far behind other countries.
The world's first offshore wind farm went up off Denmark's coast in 1991. Today, an ocean wind boom is under way in Europe as countries race to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
There are now 3,072 massive offshore wind turbines -- many with giant rotating blades the size of a Boeing 747's wingspan -- generating clean, pollution-free electricity in 82 locations off Scotland, England, Denmark, Germany and other European countries, producing enough power for 7 million people.
"When I drove along the coast of England, I'd see these things, and I thought they were kind of cool," said Gary Griggs, director of the Institute of Marine Sciences at UC Santa Cruz.
"It's almost like seeing an electric car. It's like, 'Wow, we're doing something right.' They look like the windmills you see in the Midwest."
A recent study by the U.S. Department of Energy found that offshore wind in the United States could supply 4,150 gigawatts of electricity -- four times the electricity now produced by all U.S. power plants combined.
Griggs said he understands that the Morro Bay project will be controversial. But, he said, every energy source has some impact.
"I think of myself as being very environmentally conscious," he said. "But at some point we can't keep burning oil and coal. Let's build solar and wind -- and minimize the impacts."
Voluminous environmental studies will have to be done for the Morro Bay project to move forward.
Weinstein said ocean turbines have less impact on birds than land-based ones because there are fewer birds far offshore. Whales, she said, swim around them, the way they swim around large rocks. She concedes that fishing boats cannot drag nets near them, but says she's willing to compromise on the location.
Another challenge is money. The project will cost hundreds of millions of dollars. So Weinstein's company, which was formed in July, will need major investors.
The Obama administration has been a big supporter of offshore wind turbines.
In recent years, the Department of the Interior has given $4 million grants each to seven proposed U.S. projects and identified three others -- including one off Coos Bay, Oregon, that Weinstein's former company is planning -- as potential recipients of $47 million federal grants.
The Coos Bay project has run into problems, however. Its power, projected at 24 cents a kilowatt hour, cost more than the utilities in Oregon want to pay. A bill in the state Legislature to force them to buy it failed this year, slowing the plan.
Weinstein and other offshore wind industry officials note that solar power was considerably more expensive 10 years ago, but as the technology improved and more projects were built, the costs dropped significantly. They say they also expect the cost of offshore wind energy to come down in the decade ahead.
America's first offshore wind project is under construction on the East Coast. Although critics have all but killed the famous Cape Wind project, off Cape Cod, workers this summer began installing turbines 18 miles off the coast of Rhode Island. The project, funded by the hedge fund D.E. Shaw and several banks, features five turbines 600 feet high -- twice the height of the Statue of Liberty -- and is expected to open in 2017.
It won accolades from environmental groups.
"I am going to remember this day and tell my kids and grandkids that I was there when the first U.S. offshore wind farm was built," Emily Norton, director of the Massachusetts chapter of the Sierra Club, said at the groundbreaking in April.
"When we had a choice between bequeathing them a future powered by polluting fossil fuels that lead to extreme storms, heat waves and drought, we chose to power their future from the wind, and the sun, and smart technologies."
Weinstein says her next step will come in 2016, when she plans to apply to the federal government for an offshore lease. She hopes to open the wind farm in 2025 and set an example for other West Coast ocean wind projects.
"Nothing is simple," she said. "But this has great potential."
Paul Rogers covers resources and environmental issues. Contact him at 408-920-5045. Follow him at Twitter.com/PaulRogersSJMN



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Sunday, August 2, 2015

Pinay scientist creates lamp that runs on saltwater

Pinay scientist creates lamp that runs on saltwater

Posted at 08/02/2015 4:43 PM

​Aisa Mijeno, CEO, co-founder and inventor of SALt lamp. Handout photo
MANILA – “To light up the rest of the Philippines sustainably” was the vision of Filipina scientist Aisa Mijeno when she made the Sustainable Alternative Lighting (SALt) lamp.
The SALt Lamp is an environment-friendly and sustainable alternative light source that runs on saltwater, making it suitable to those who live in coastal areas.
It can also function well in remote barrios. With just two table spoons of salt and one glass of tap water, this ecologically designed lamp can run for eight hours.
“It is made of tediously experimented and improved chemical compounds, catalysts, and metal alloys that when submerged in electrolytes will generate electricity,” Mijeno explained in an interview with ABS-CBN.
Because of its inspiring vision and ground-breaking innovation, the SALt lamp has received various awards and recognition from organizations in the Philippines, Singapore, Japan, and South Korea.
It has also won in several competitions here and abroad.

Aisa Mijeno receives the Kotra Award at the Startup Nations Summit 2014 in South Korea.Handout photo
Safe alternative to traditional lamps
According to Mijeno, the idea behind the SALt lamp is the chemical conversion of energy. It utilizes the scientific process behind the Galvanic cell, but instead of electrolytes, the SALt lamp uses saline solution, making it harmless and non-toxic.
Compared with kerosene lamp, the SALt lamp is also a lot safer, Mijeno stressed since it does not have components and compounds that may spark fire. Moreover, it does not emit toxic gases and leaves minimal carbon footprint.
“This isn’t just a product. It’s a social movement,” she said.
Although the SALt lamp is not yet being mass-produced, Mijeno and her team have been working intensively with non-government organizations (NGOs), local government units (LGUs), and charitable foundations, among others.
These organizations aid in the purchase and distribution of the SALt lamps to remote communities where electricity is scarce, or worse, not available.
A sustainable light for the Philippines

A family in the province relies on a kerosene lamp. Handout photo
Mijeno said that her experience working with an environmental organization made her realize the need for an alternative source of light, especially in rural areas of the Philippines.
“I used to be part of Greenpeace Philippines and did personal immersions/volunteers across rural communities, and there I learned so many things. Most of these people are so poor and underprivileged that they endure long hours of walking just to get kerosene for their lamps,” Mijeno recalled.
Currently, for every SALt lamp that is bought, one lamp is given to a selected family.
“Our main focus is on the island communities that do not have access to electricity and have no financial capacity for acquiring alternative source of electricity,” Mijeno added.



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Sunday, June 7, 2015

SOLAR BOTTLE STREET LAMPS IN MANILA


SHARED FROM REJECT RPT 20 MOVEMENT BY MYRNA ARCEO VIA FACEBOOK


Myrna Arceo shared Barnaby Lo's video.
Yesterday at 5:05am

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Wednesday, August 20, 2014

WIND POWER IN DENMARK



EDF Voices: People on the Planet

Blown away by wind power in Denmark, a model for clean energy


The view when you fly into Copenhagen, Denmark.
I look out the window of the crowded Scandinavian Airlines plane  bleary-eyed after a sleepless, 8-hour flight  as it makes its final approach to the Copenhagen airport one recent morning.
The first thing I see are the wind turbines that hug the coast, spinning steadily like white jewels against the blue water. For a moment I wonder if I’m hallucinating.
What are wind turbines doing so close to civilization and adjacent to Denmark’s main airport?
Back in the United States, I have to travel far beyond my Washington suburb to spot any signs of wind energy. In Denmark, it’s ever-present.
You can’t drive more than a few kilometers on the country’s flat roads without seeing a turbine. They are fully integrated into society and part of the landscape everywhere.
And that’s not by accident.

From zero to 30% renewables in 30 years. How?

During my 10-day visit with my brother and his Danish family at the end of July, I witnessed a society where the political debate isn’t over a "war on coal" or whether climate change is real. I saw a society that has proudly and vigorously embraced the clean energy future and is racing toward it.
Accelerating from nearly zero percent as recently as the mid-80s, wind power now provides about 30 percent of Denmark’s electricity. And the Danes aren’t done. They have plans to grow that number to 50 percent by 2020 and to be 100 percent renewable by 2050.
All of this – and more – is possible here in the United States, too, believe it or not. We enjoy some of the world’s best wind and solar resources.
But despite our rapid wind and solar energy growth in recent years, we’ve only just begun to tap these clean energy treasures.
So how did Denmark manage to ramp up clean energy when we're just getting started?

One: Wind energy was made a national priority

Denmark's clean energy progress began in response to the oil crises of the 1970s. In 1973, the year I was born, 95 percent of Denmark’s energy consumption was based on imported oil. Initially, Denmark responded to the 1973 and 1979 oil crises by transitioning to coal, which still generates about half of Denmark’s electricity.
Then, the Danish government saw an opportunity to build a new industry. Through a combination of national policies and subsidies, and in concert with local communities and utilities, the country made wind energy a national priority. By 1990, Danish wind energy was ready to explode.

Two: Subsidies allowed market to grow

Denmark introduced a fixed feed-in tariff in 1993 to make installation of wind power competitive, an economic incentive that allowed the market to grow. Danish wind projects also received a refund from the Danish carbon tax, and a partial refund on the nation’s energy tax.
The cumulative effect of these refunds doubled the payment to wind projects for the first five years of their operations, according to the International Renewable Energy Agency. By 2000, Danish wind capacity had increased more than seven-fold to 2,390 megawatts.
Eight years later, the Danish government developed an energy agreement that included the installation of two big offshore wind farms of 200 megawatts each.

Three: Consumers helped pay for wind

In 2009, Denmark introduced an environmental premium of $0.05/kWh and added a $0.004/kWh compensation to balance the costs of wind energy. 
It meant that consumers paid for the costs of connecting offshore wind farms, with financing managed by the Danish Energy Agency. As a result of these policies, wind energy continues to grow in Denmark, bringing its goal of 100-percent renewables by 2050 within sight.

If the Danes can do it, so can we

This takes us back to the U.S., a nation that has historically led the world on innovation and economic leadership.
Over the last five years, net solar electricity generation increased more than 10 times. Net wind electricity more than doubled, making the U.S. one of the fastest-growing wind energy markets in the world.
And yet, wind accounts for just 5 percent of our energy and solar less than 1 percent. This is unfortunate, considering that we have enough wind energy potential in the lower 48 alone to power America’s current electricity consumption nine times over, according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
The NREL also estimates that our total solar potential is an astounding 100 times greater than our current electricity consumption. 
Just imagine what we could do if our political leaders had the same vision as the Danes. Imagine where we could be in 10 or 20 years if we looked to Denmark as a model for fully integrating government leadership with local communities and utilities.
Thanks to the Danish experiment, we have a blueprint. And this American environmentalist is inspired and eager to see the Danish model spread. 
Sam Parry

Sam Parry

Sam is Environmental Defense Fund's director of online membership and activism.

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Monday, June 2, 2014

FROM THE DAILY KOS, SOLAR ENERGY

 photo solar-energy-roofing-enery_zps89ba0f9e.jpg
Kiley Kroh of Think Progress writes U.S. Residential Solar Just Beat Commercial Installations For The First Time, with solar energy accounting for 74% of all new electricity generation in the U.S. in the first quarter of 2014.
The first quarter of 2014 was another big one for the U.S. solar industry, with 74 percent of all new electricity generation across the country coming from solar power. The 1,330 megawatts of solar photovoltaics (PV) installed last quarter bring the total in the U.S. up to 14.8 gigawatts of installed capacity — enough to power three million homes, according to GTM Research and the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA).
In addition to being the largest quarter ever for concentrating solar power, a method of large-scale solar generation that uses a unique ‘salt battery’ to allow the solar plant to keep producing power even when the sun goes down, it was also the first time in the history of SEIA’s reports that residential solar installations surpassed commercial in the same time period. 232 MW of residential PV were installed in the first quarter, compared to 225 MW of commercial solar.
Another encouraging surprise we learn in this article is that the Center for American Progress found "it’s middle class families that are driving the rooftop solar revolution with “more than 60 percent of solar installations are occurring in zip codes with median incomes ranging from $40,000 to $90,000.”
This revolution is a threat to utilities’ current business model, since more customers going solar means they’re buying less electricity from the utility. The result in several states has been a push by utilities to scale back incentives or even charge solar customers an additional fee. In Arizona, for instance, Arizona Public Service (APS) has aggressively sought to undercut residential solar and last fall, the state’s energy regulator voted to add what amounts to a $5 per month surcharge on solar customers. The decision was widely viewed as a compromise, particularly considering the considerable amount of money spent by APS and outside groups, several of which were funded by petrochemical billionaires Charles and David Koch.
Kiley Kroh also recounts how a number of utilities in Arizona, Oklahoma, and San Antonia are trying to slow solar energy's penetration into electric market by trying to add surcharges for customers using the "net-back" laws allowing them to sell surplus electricity back to the utility. Also, Arizona's solar power advocates allege the Arizona Power System is behind a move to force customers who lease solar panels to pay property taxes of them.
Kroh presents a number of compelling arguments to counter utilities should be allowed to charge solar customer higher fees countering that solar customer are delivering power back to the grid at peak load hours, reducing the need for expensive peak-load production. They also reduce the amount of electricity coming from coal fired plants, and reduce wear and tear on transmission lines by reducing the amount of electricity through them.  
As the costs of renewable energy generation, including residential generation, continues to fall dramatically, at the same time the costs of conventional fossil fuel burning generation continues to rise the traditional business model for utilities is getting scrunched. If the new standards for reducing carbon emission that we expect the EPA to announce tomorrow are passed, the cost of coal generation will increase more coming closer to represent it true cost to society.  
Sadly, we see much evidence that utilities, and those with large financial interests the fossil fuel industry are looking for ways to reduce the appeal of solar and wind generation.  
8:37 PM PT: Thanks to Shockwave for bringing us this link documenting California's wind generation.


California led the world in wind energy development through much of the 1980s and 1990s. Today, California remains a national leader in the wind industry, ranking second in the U.S. for wind power installations and second for wind industry jobs, all while boasting over 20 wind-related manufacturing facilities.
Wind Projects in California2013 CA 80m onshore

Installed Wind Capacity: 5,812 megawatts (MW). State Rank: California ranks 2nd for total MW installed.

Number of Wind Turbines: 12,158 turbines. State Rank: California ranks 1st for number of utility-scale wind turbines.

Wind Projects Online: 144 wind projects

Wind Capacity Added in 2013: 269 MW

Wind Capacity Added in 2012: 1656.2 MW. State Rank: California added the 2nd most new wind capacity additions in 2012, and surpassed Iowa to become the state with the 2nd most wind capacity.

Wind Capacity Added in 2011: 923.3 MW

Wind Capacity in Queue: 4,253 MW
Percentage of California's electricity provided by wind in 2013: 6.6 percent. Note: This includes only in-state generation. California imports wind energy from across the Northwest and Mountain West and has a higher total when these imports are factored in.

ORIGINALLY POSTED TO SCITECH ON SUN JUN 01, 2014 AT 07:53 PM PDT.

ALSO REPUBLISHED BY GOOD NEWS AND KOSOWATT.




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Saturday, May 24, 2014

Solar Streets: New Roadways May Ditch Asphalt for Energy-Generating Sunshine Collectors


 
Kristina Bravo is a Los Angeles–based writer. She is a fellow at TakePart.

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An electrical engineer from Ohio wants to give our streets a solar upgrade.



As a kid in the 1960s, before most people had even heard of solar power, Scott Brusaw imagined “electric roads.” Almost five decades and two government-funded prototypes later, the electrical engineer from Ohio is on his way to raising $1 million to start producing solar panels for our streets and highways. Not to power the light, mind you—to function as streets and highways. Soon you may be driving on solar panels that power the buildings you’re passing by.
“We can use [photovoltaic panels] to create roads, parking lots, tarmacs—anything under the sun,” Brusaw says. “All of the current asphalt and concrete currently soaking up the sun can be covered with our technology to turn that sunlight into clean, renewable electricity.”
The biggest challenge Brusaw faced was engineering a case to protect the fragile solar cells. He began by researching the technology used in black boxes for airplanes and ended up using thick hardened glass. It sounds fragile, but after impact resistance and traction testing, it has proved able to handle trucks weighing several times the legal limit. A prototype solar parking lot in Sandpoint, Idaho, has been successful as well. If Brusaw’s crowdfunding campaign reaches its goal, production of the roadway panels could begin within a few months. 
It may take some time to see them on highways, though. Neil Fromer, executive director of the Resnick Sustainability Institute at the California Institute of Technology, says installing solar power on large structures will take a lot of testing and paperwork.
“The regulatory challenges of putting solar panels on rooftops were significant over the last 20 or 30 years,” Fromer says. “It’s only an avalanche [of effort] that managed to get it really working, so doing the roads would be a big challenge.”
Electric safety concerns would also need to be addressed, he says, considering that the road is not controlled. But the end product might be well worth it.
“The tremendous amount of solar energy that hits the earth’s surface in an hour is enough to power the planet for a year,” Fromer explains. “So when you think about renewable energy in the long term, solar is a huge part of that.” Considering that pavement covers as much as half of many U.S. cities, a lot of electricity could be generated by covering it all with solar panels.
Brusaw’s project could have a huge impact—if it overcomes the many challenges to getting it out into the real world.
“I think this is pretty cool, and I don’t want to sound too pessimistic about it,” Fromer says. “It’s really just a question of integrating [solar energy] into our existing electrical system. Roads are great surfaces to try it.... Technology innovation always helps.”


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Sunday, March 9, 2014

PARABOLIC SOLAR COLLECTORS

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PARABOLIC SOLAR COLLECTORS
V. Ryan © 2005 - 2009

PDF FILE - CLICK HERE FOR PRINTABLE WORKSHEET
Solar power is energy from the sun. Although the sun is 150 million kilometres away it is still
extremely powerful. The amount of energy it provides for the earth in one minute is large
enough to meet the earth’s energy needs for one year. The problem is in the development of
technology that can harness this ‘free’ energy source.
 Solar collectors are one way of
 focussing the suns rays to heat
up fluids. A typical array of
olar collectors is seen opposite.
They are basically unusually
shaped mirrors (parabolic in shape)
that focus the heat of the sun on
a pipe carrying a special fluid.
The temperature of the fluid in
the pipe increases as it flows
down the pipe, along the solar
collectors. The pipe extends the
entire length of the mirrors.
This type of set up works at its best in desert areas where there is no shortage of sunlight and
very little cloud. The hot fluid in the pipe can be used, through a system of heat exchangers,
to produce electricity or hot water.
  

The special fluid
inside the pipes can
be replacedwith
water. The
concentrated heat
from the parabolic
collectors turns the
water into steam.
The jet of steam
is used to turn
turbines producing
electricity.
This system works
well in desert regions
due to the hot climate.
Modern systems
have synthetic oil
heating in the pipes.
The reflected sun
heats up the oil,
which in turn heats
up water,creating
steam. The steam
drives turbines
which produce
electricity.
SOLAR POWER STATION SPAIN
The photographs show an arrangement of parabolic solar collectors. Notice the suns energy is focused on the water pipe at its centre.





  

ARRANGEMENT OF PARABOLIC SOLAR COLLECTORS - SPAIN
CLICK HERE FOR TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT INDEX PAGE





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SHELL CIRCUMVENTED RA 7641

SYNDICATED ESTAFA


MY QUEST FOR SWINDLED 

RETIREMENT PAY BY SHELL



SWINDLING ITO, SYNDICATED ESTAFA


HOT PURSUIT
DUTY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ENTITIES


SHELL SWINDLING OF RETIREMENT PAY 5TH YEAR

1001counts
SEE BELOW FOR THE 1001ST   TIME THE REITERATION OF DEMAND PAYMENT OF RETIREMENT PAY WHICH SHELL REFUSED TO HONOR IN THE PRESENCE AND DEEMED APPROVAL OF THE HONORABLE MAGISTRATES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE PHILIPPINES


Dishonest scales are an abomination to the Lord, but a just weight is His delight... Proverbs Chapter 11  v. 1
Retirement Pay Law circumvented by Shell subject to penal provision provided for by Article 288 of the Labor Code of the Philippines.





CONTENTS

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